Outputting raw escape codes and hope that they work is not how you do it. This is not how any reasonable library (or bash, or git, etc.) does it. These programs and libraries start with the $TERM environment variable to find out what terminal the user is using, and then use something like termcap(5) or terminfo(5) to look up what capabilities that specific terminal has, and what actual escape codes to output to get that effect. In reality, though, most regular programs delegate all this to a library, like ncurses.
(And also make sure not to output any terminal codes at all if the standard output is not a terminal, as in isatty(3) or tty(1).)
This way, you can check for and use modern cool stuff like sixels, but not use them if some user is using something older like XTerm or the Windows Console.
See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54838578/color-codes-for... for examples.
Maybe I've been lucky, but I've written plenty software that blindly shoots CSI's at the console and still haven't hit any snags. Especially convenient when the channel is unidirectional; curl ocv.me :)
Even then it still leaves a lot to be desired. I'm not sure I can consider any of this to be truly reasonable.
I have mixed feelings about this... Sometimes I feel young and reckless and want to just output whatever I need without checking $TERM. In practice, all modern terminal emulators are essentially xterm-256color compatible. If something breaks, the worse you get is some funny characters. Is that such a big deal? Much better than propagate the silly termcap/terminfo complexity.
By the way, xterm supports sixels since forever.
Also not mentioned in the article: there are a few syntaxes available for specifying things in control sequences, like
\x1b[38;2;{r};{g};{b}m